MULTISEASONAL HARVESTING MACHINE ADJUSTABLE

 

Introduction:
 

It is the science and art of cultivating the soil, growing crops. It is also called farming. In India's economy, agriculture is significant. India is a country that is dependent on agriculture, which is the main source of income for many families. In the Indian context, more than 75 percent of farmers are small and marginal landholders. As a result, any work aimed at increasing productivity benefits the Indian farmer and economy. Current farm equipment has many limitations and requires more energy for operation. Agriculture in India is facing serious challenges like a shortage of agricultural labour, not only in the peak working season but also in normal times. This is primarily due to an increase in non-farm work, higher wages, labour force migration to cities, and lower social status opportunities for agricultural workers. Furthermore, the agricultural farming system is shown in Fig.

Fig.1.1 Agriculture forming system

Harvesting:

 

Harvesting is the process of harvesting and collecting the mature crop from the field. A harvester is a machine that is used for harvesting. Different types of cutting machines are available: in market harvester, onion harvester, paddy harvester, tea harvester, potato harvester, wheat harvester, and sugarcane harvester.

 

 

Harvesting Methods

 

Manual harvesting method.

 

With the aid of people, harvesting is carried out manually in this way. Manual harvesting is predominant in developing countries. First, a fire is lit in the ground. A fire burns dry leaves without damaging the stalk and roots. Then the workers cut the sugarcane just above ground level, or match. Manual harvesting is more intensive than machine harvesting. In addition, the manual harvesting method is time-consuming and may not be an efficient task. and the cost required for harvesting is also high.

 

Method of machine cutting

 

This approach involves using a machine to harvest the crops. It is fully automatic. Very little time is required for harvesting sugarcane over a large area. A machine is cutting High initial investment, high operating costs, only suitable for large-scale farmers, efficient the machine requires a lot of space to run and a lot of labour to operate. Other than this, the field survey is given in Table 1.1.

Sl. No	Former Name	Place	Crop	Labour Availability	Labours /Acre	Time Required	Cost
1	Raju Prasad	Sundargarh	Rice	Difficult	8	14 hours.	Rs-3500
			Wheat	Medium	8	16 hours.	Rs-5000
2	Nilam Sahoo	Sundargarh	Rice	Difficult	10	12 hours.	Rs-4000
			Wheat	Medium	10	12 hours.	Rs-6000
3	Brijesh Sahu	Sundargarh	Rice	Difficult	8	14 hours.	Rs-4000

                                                        Table 1.1 Field survey

  

Summary of the Survey/Need for the Current Model

 

After reviewing the literature, some points have been observed and are summarised below:

 

-We need such a machine, which is useful for small farmers having 4 to 5 acres of land.

-The requirements of the machine are very simple and a skilled person is not required to operate them.

-The process duration for each operation needs to be reduced as compared to manual operations.

-The existing machine and manual method are not economical, have low efficiency, and the mechanism involved is complex.

-Requirement of a machine which works in all three seasons.

 

 

Purpose:

 

The objectives of the present study are given below: 

1. Designing the harvesting and conveying cutting machine.

2. Designing a Harvesting Machine with an Adjustable Cutting and Conveying Mechanism.

3. All-in-one adjustable mechanism and cutting machine performance testing.

 

 

The methodology adopted for this project is as follows. 

 

1. Design of all the machine's components.

2. Production of the frame and other components such as blades, etc. 

3. Engine/Motor Choice.

4. Completion of all fabricated parts.

5. Validation of the operational model.

Fig. 4.1 Drawing of model

Fig. 4.2 Model of blade and cutter

Fig. 4.3 Chasis main frame and cutting of blades

Fig. 4.4  Fabrication process

Fig. 4.5 Complete Model

Result:

 

In this section, the outcome and discussion of the current project work will be discussed. Section 5.1 highlights the number of workers required, time required, and cost of the manual method. In addition, the machine method and the proposed model will be discussed in sections 5.2 and 5.3, respectively. Finally, a comparison of all methods will be discussed in 5.4.

 

 

Results of the manual method: 

 

The time required for harvesting different crops and the number of workers required are tabulated in Table 5.1. In addition, the required cost is also given in Table 5.1.

 

Results of the manual method for different crops

 

Machine method results:

The time required for harvesting different crops and the number of workers required are tabulated in Table 5.2. In addition, the required cost is also given in Table 5.2.

 

Table 5.2 Results of machine method for different crops

 

Sl. No	Crop Name	Labours /Acre	Time Required	Acre/Cost
1	Rice	02	3 hours.	2400 (Excluding Initial Cost)
2	Wheat	02	3 hours.	1000  (Excluding Initial Cost)

 

 

The results of the proposed machine method are:

 

The time required for harvesting different crops and the number of workers required are tabulated in Table 5.3. In addition, the required cost is also given in Table 5.3.

 

Table 5.3 Results of proposed machine method for different crops

 

 

Sl. No	Crop Name	Labours /Acre	Time Required	Acre/Cost
1	Rice	02	4 hours.	300    (Excluding Initial Cost)
2	Wheat	02	4 hours.	400    (Excluding Initial Cost)

 

 

Comparative Results:

 

The time and number of labourers required for harvesting different crops for the manual method, the machine method, and the proposed machine method are tabulated in Table 5.4. In addition, the cost required for different methods is also given in Table 5.4. The labour required per acre for different methods for different crops is shown in Fig. 5.1. Further, the time required for different methods for different crops and the required cost per acre are shown in Figs. 5.2 and 5.3, respectively. This is seen from the above fig. That the proposed machine method shows much better results than the manual method and machine method.

Table 5.4 Comparative result

 

Sl. No	Method	Crop	Acre/Labors	Time Required	Acre/Cost (Rupees.)
1	Manual	Rice	4-6	12 hrs	3400
		Wheat	6-7	24 hrs.	5800
2	Machine	Rice	02	3 hrs.	2400
		Wheat	03	3 hrs.	1000
3	Proposed Method	Rice	01	3 hrs.	400
		Wheat	02	3 hrs.	500

 

 

Labour required per acre for different methods

 

Conclusion

 

 The objective of the project is to create a machine for performing tasks such as harvesting, which will be helpful for farmers with less and marginal land. From an overview of the results and discussion, the differences between the manual method, machine method, and proposed machine method are described below:

👉The labour required for the proposed machine method is less than the manual method and on par with the machine method. Moreover, the machine method may not be suitable for small-scale farmers as it is not economically feasible.

👉The time period required for the proposed machine method is less than the manual method and more than the machine method. Moreover, the machine method may not be suitable for small-scale farmers as it is not economically feasible.

👉The cost required for harvesting one acre of land using the proposed machine method is also lower.

 

Future work scope –

 

Although the machine has some innovative concepts, there is still a lot of scope for development, such as:

✅A gear box has to be provided in the machine. 

✅The machine can be made lighter by detailed analysis of the design and by removing excess material where it is not necessary.

✅With minimum modification, this machine can be used for different crops.