17 Types of Bridges Design Components, Benefits and Limitations

 

A bridge is a rigid shape that is primarily based on an impediment for providing passage over a challenge or obstruction. The required passage is probably for rail lines, roads, waterways, pipelines, and so on. There are various types of bridges, each serving a specific purpose and chosen under specific conditions. Over the previous couple of thousand years, bridges have played possibly one of the most vital roles in the improvement and development of our earliest civic establishments; the unfolding of knowledge, neighbourhood and standard exchange, and the ascent of transportation.

 

 

Components of the bridge 

  

 The bridge shape consists of the following parts:

 

 

A. Superstructure (Decking) 

The superstructure consists of slabs or girders or trusses, etc. The superstructure bears the weight, dismissing the access and transmitting the forces produced via comparable sub-structures. 

  

B. Substructure 

The substructure consists of piers, abutments, and wing walls, which might be supplied to transmit the weight of the superstructure to the earth. 

 

 C. Bearings

Substructures require more bearing power to bear the direct load of the superstructure. To assist or help those loads, bearings are equipped. Bearings assist in bringing the weight from the deck and dispersing it uniformly over the substructure material.

 

 

Different Types of Bridges

1.   Arch Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

2.   Cantilever Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

3.   Cable-Stayed Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

4.   Suspension Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

5.   Movable Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

6.   Pedestrian Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

7.   Train Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

8.   Train Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

9.   Pipeline Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

10.   Traffic Bridge: ( Types of Bridges )

 

11.  Aqueduct Bridge: ( Types of Bridge )

 

12.  Beam Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

13.  Truss Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

14.  Fixed Bridges ( Types of Bridges )

 

15.  Double-decked Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

16.   Commercial Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

17.  Temporary Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

    
 

Arch Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 Arch Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

Arch bridges utilise arches as a first-rate structural factor (arch is continuously positioned underneath the bridge, by no means above it). With the help of mid-span piers, they may be made with at least one arch, contingent upon what kind of load and pressure forces they ought to endure. The centre factor of the bridge is its abutments and factors of assistance, which need to be constructed sturdy due to the fact they'll bear the burden of the complete bridge shape and the forces they deliver. On the other hand, arch bridges can be fixed; however, they are able to assist any decking, including human beings on foot, light or heavy rail, vehicles, or even be used as water-sporting aqueducts. The most famous substances for the development of arch bridges are masonry stone, concrete, wood, created iron, solid iron, and structural steel.

 

 

Cantilever Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

Cantilever Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

Cantilever bridges resemble arc bridges in appearance, but they support their load not through vertical bracing but through diagonal bracing with horizontal beams supported only on one side.

By far, most cantilever bridges utilise one set of the continuous spans that are set between two piers, with beams meeting in the middle over the impediment that the bridge spans (waterway, lopsided landscape, or others). Cantilever bridges can also utilise mid-bridge pears as their foundation from which they span in both directions toward different piers and projections.

The size and weight capacity of the cantilever bridge influence the quantity of sections it utilizes. Simple pedestrian crossings over extremely small distances can utilise a simple cantilever beam. However, larger distances can utilise either two beams emerging from both abutments or multiple centre piers. Cantilever bridges can’t traverse extremely large distances. They can be bare or use truss formation both underneath or above the bridge, and the most well-known constriction materials are structural steel, iron, and prestressed concrete.

 

 

Cable-Stayed Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

Cable-Stayed Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

Cable-stayed bridges use deck cables which are immediately related to at a minimum one vertical segment (referred to as towers or arches) that may be raised near projections or within the variety of the bridge structure. Cables are usually related to segments in  ways—harp design (every cable is appended to a distinct factor at the back of the section, making the harp-like "strings") and "fan" designs (all hyperlinks are related to one factor at the very best of the segment). This is a distinct type of link-driven suspension from suspension bridges, in which decking is held in place by vertical suspenders that extend all the way up to the primary guide cable. 

 

 

Suspension Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

Suspension Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

Suspension bridges use spreading ropes or cables from the vertical suspenders to preserve the burden of the bridge deck and traffic. Ready to suspend decking over large spans, this kind of bridge is today exceptionally well known all around the world. Initially made even in ancient times with materials like ropes or vines, with decking of wood planks or bamboo, the cutting edge variations utilise a wide array of materials, For example, metallic twine this is both braided into rope or synthetic or solid into chain links. Because only abutments and piers (at least one) are fixed to the ground, the majority of the bridge structure is completely adaptable and can frequently decisively respond to wind, tremor, or even vibration caused by pedestrian or vehicle traffic. 

 

 

Movable Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 Movable Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

Moveable bridges are a compromise among the strength, wearing capacity, and sturdiness of constant bridges and the power and modularity of brief bridges. Their core functionality is to allow safe entry of different types of loads (from travellers to weighty cargo), yet with the ability to move out of the way of the boats or different sorts of under-deck traffic that would somehow or another not be fit to fit under the primary body of the bridge.

 

 

Pedestrian Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

The earliest bridges were built to help travellers cross small bodies of water or unpleasant landscapes.Today, they are typically made in metropolitan conditions or in terrain where vehicle transport is difficult (like harsh sloping landscapes, timber lands, swamps, and so on.). Since on-the-foot or bike traveller traffic doesn’t strain the bridges with much weight, the designs of those bridges can be made to be more luxurious, rich, smooth, and better integrated with the urban environment, or made less expensive. Numerous modern pedestrian-only bridges are made from modern materials, while some tourist pedestrian bridges feature more exoteric designs that even include transparent polymers in decking, empowering clients with an unrestricted view of the area underneath the bridge.

 

 

Train Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

Train bridges are bridges made explicitly to convey one or multiple lanes of train tracks, albeit in some cases, train tracks can likewise be set adjacent to various deck types or on various decking elevations. After automobile bridges, educate bridges are the second-most-not unusualplace sort of bridge.

 

 

Pipeline Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

Pipeline bridges are much less not unusualplace as a standalone bridge type. Pipeline bridges are built to carry pipelines across water or difficult terrain. Pipelines can carry water, air, gas, and conversation cables. In present-day times, Pipelines can deliver water, air, gas, and verbal exchange cables. In present-day times, pipeline networks are usually consolidated withinside the shape of current or newly constructed bridges that likewise residence normal decking that works with passersby, vehicles, or railroad transport. Pipeline bridges are typically extremely light and can be supported solely by basic suspension bridge construction designs.

 

 

Traffic Bridge: ( Types of Bridges )

 

This is the maximum widely recognised utilisation of the bridge, with as a minimum  lanes designed to hold automobile and truck visitors of various forces. Present-day big bridges normally spotlight several lanes that work with motion in a single lane, and keeping in mind that most bridges have a solitary deck dedicated to automobile traffic, a few may want to have an additional deck, empowering every deck to be centred on supplying tour in a single direction.

 

 

Aqueduct Bridge: ( Types of Bridge )

 

Aqueducts are historical bridge-like systems which might be a crucial part of the bigger viaduct networks supposed to bring water from water-wealthy areas to extraordinarily faraway dry city communities every now and then. As a result of the want to preserve a low, but constant drop in elevation of the primary water-conveying path, aqueducts are precisely created systems that want to reach fairly excessive elevations and maintain an inflexible shape at the same time as spanning huge distances. The biggest aqueducts are fabricated from stone and may have one-of-a-kind degrees of arched bridges created one on top of the other.

 

Beam Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

Beam Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

Beam bridges make use of the most effective of forms — one or more horizontal beams that can either truly traverse the area between abutments or relieve some of the stresses on structural piers. The centre pressure that influences beam bridges is the alternate of vertical pressure into shear and flexural loads (projections or mid-span docks). Due to their simplicity, they may be the oldest bridges known to man. At first, constructed by truly losing timber logs over brief rivers or trenches, this form of bridge began to be utilised extensively with the advent of metalworks, steel boxes, and pre-confused construction concrete. Beam bridges nowadays are separated into girder bridges, field girder bridges, and easy beam bridges.

 

 

Truss Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

Truss Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

Truss bridges are a very famous bridge layout that utilises a diagonal mess of, most frequently, triangle-fashioned posts over the bridge to disseminate forces throughout almost the whole bridge structure. Individual factors or additives of this structure (usually directly beams) can be affected by dynamic forces of hysteria and compression, but via means of dispensing the one hundred throughout the entire structure, the whole bridge can cope with plenty more potent forces and heavier hundreds than unique styles of bridges.

 

 

Fixed Bridges ( Types of Bridges ) 

  

The majority of bridges made from one facet of the sector to the opposite and over our records are fixed, with no portable components to present better clearance for waterway/ocean shipping that is streaming under them. They are designed to stay in the place in which they're made till they're considered unusable because of their age, dilapidation, or are demolished. 

  

 Utilization of particular substances or sure production strategies can quickly compel bridges to be everlastingly fixed. This is usually the case with bridges crafted from production workmanship, suspension, and cable-stayed bridges, in which a massive part of the decking floor is suspended into the air with the aid of a complex community of cables and different materials.

 

 

Double-decked Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

Multi-reason bridges offer a progressive development of visitors throughout our bodies or harsh landscapes. Most regularly, they have got a larger quantity of car lanes and, on occasion, have a devoted area for train tracks. For instance, however diverse the car paths on the primary deck are,

 

 

Commercial Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

Commercial bridges are bridges that have business homes like eating places and shops. Most typically utilised in mediaeval bridges mounted in city environments in which they took advantage of the consistent development of pedestrian traffic, those sorts of bridges are seldom constructed, with an outstanding variety of them being found in lots of countries. Medieval bridges are notably greater, typically acknowledged for their business applications.

 

 

Temporary Bridges: ( Types of Bridges )

 

Temporary bridges are made with the use of vital modular additives that may be moved by means of medium or mild machinery. They are typically used in naval engineering or on occasions when permanent bridges are being repaired, and they can be so modular to such a volume that they can be bolstered to span long distances or built as much as possible to help raise loads. By far, the maximum brief bridges aren't meant to be utilised for extended time frames in unmarried locations, albeit now and again they may grow to be a long-lasting piece of the street community due to distinct factors.

 

 

What Are Some of the Benefits and Limitations of Bridges? 

  

  

While all bridges want to address that broad variety of forces consistently, exclusive sorts of bridges will commit more quantity in their ability to be all of the much more likely to address a selected form of force. The management of these forces may be centralised in multiple first-rate shape members (for example, with a cable or cable-stayed bridge in which forces are disbursed in a selected form or situation) or disbursed through brackets throughout the whole bridge shape. The designs of bridges vary contingent upon the features of the bridge, the character of the panorama in which the bridge is built and anchored, the cloth used to make it, and the belongings on hand to construct it. 

  

   

Conclusion

 

While all bridges want to address all the same forces consistently, exclusive sorts of bridges will commit more quantity in their ability to be capable of managing the express sorts of forces. These forces can be managed collectively in multiple important structural members (for example, in a cable or cable-stayed bridge, where forces are distributed in a specific form or situation), or they can be distributed by truss throughout the entire shape of the bridge.